Fundamentally, the only difference between a salt water pool and a “traditional” chlorine swimming pool is the way the pool is sanitized. Instead of using chlorine tablets and shock, a salt water pool uses a chlorine generator (a salt cell).
In a standard chlorine pool system, there is generally an inline chlorinator connected to the filtration system. The pool owner (or hired pool technician) typically fills and maintains the chloriantor on a weekly basis. This is the most common way that chlorine gets distributed into a pool.
In a salt pool, a salt system (or generator) is installed on the return side of the filtration system as water flows back into the pool. The salt generator basically consists of a control box and a salt cell. The salt cell has metal plates in it which are connected to a control box. The control box sends an electrical charge to the plates which creates chlorine through a process called electrolysis (this is actually the same process that is used in submarines to pool oxygen from sea water). As pool water passes through the salt cell, the salt in the water is turned into Hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorous acid is the same component that is produced when any chlorine is added to pool water, whether you use sticks, tablets, granular or liquid. As the water returns to the pool, it will introduce the newly produced chlorine.
Technically speaking, a salt water pool is actually a chlorine pool as chlorine is introduced back into the pool through an electrolysis process in the salt cell.
Salt water pools are not filters, not pumps, or even chemicals that are added to a pool. What makes them “salt water” is the salt system which consists of the salt cell, the control box, and the salt that is added into the pool in a granular form. This is done in an initial application and then in an ongoing basis as needed. The control box has up and down arrow buttons that are easily accessed. Depending on preference, you can increase or decrease the chlorine production. Most of these boxes also have a boost mode that allows you to run the system at 100% production, which is the equivalent of manually shocking a pool.
Advantages of a Salt Water Swimming Pool?
One of the major benefits of a salt system is that the pool maintainers do not have to handle the chlorine in its physical form – no chlorine storage on the premises and no buying of chlorine tablets or shock on an ongoing basis. In fact, once the salt system is up and running and reaches normal balance levels within the water, there is generally less interaction with the chlorine. Although this is still a chlorine pool, the water does feel softer than pools with a traditional chlorine system.
Downsides of a Salt Water Swimming Pool?
The initial investment in the salt generator is substantially more than regular chlorine based system. Salt can be a corrosive material so certain precautions have to be taken by any reputable pool installer or service company. Any good pool builder or service company will suggest adding a sacrificial zinc anode next to the filtration system. This will absorb some of the stray current which is present in the water as a result of the salt system – zinc is a soft metal. The stray current will attack the anode first. As these anodes are easily replaced they will take the abuse rather than most of the other metals that are in the pool. Pools have stainless steel screws in the face plates, light rings, step trims as well as the anchor sockets which hold the rails and ladders. If there is a heater in the pool, the heat exchanger may also corrode as these are generally made with copper or titanium. Splash out which can occur during general use of the pool, and people walking around dripping water from their bathing suits onto the deck, may cause some issues especially if the decking is non salt friendly such as travertine, certain styles of bluestone, or flagstone. As the water evaporates it can leave a million parts per million of salt residing on the deck. It is far more corrosive than the typical chlorine based pool due to the residual salt that will always be in the water.
The chlorine that is produced in a salt water pool is a non stabilized type. Tablet form of chlorine (stabilized) is available informs that contains algaecides, clarifiers, and PH balancers built right into them. The salt system produces only this type of chlorine that usually creates a very high pH level. The pH balance is important in maintaining water clarity as well as the preserving the integrity of some of the materials used in the building the pool.
